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 Small Modular Biopower Systems
This document was produced for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE national laboratory. DOE/GO-102000-1057 June 2000 T OF ENERG YD E PA RT MEN U E N IT E D STAT S OF A E R IC A M Printed with a renewable-sou...
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This document was produced for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE national laboratory. DOE/GO-102000-1057 June 2000 T OF ENERG YD E PA RT MEN U E N IT E D STAT S OF A E R IC A M Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Biopower Program Initiative Goal To develop systems that are: • Fuel flexible • Efficient • Simple to operate • Environmentally friendly • 1 kW to 5 MW Phase 1 Studies
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/27984.pdf#page=2
www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/27984.pdf#page=2
This document was produced <span class="highlight">for</span> <span class="highlight">the</span> U.S. Department <span class="highlight">of</span> Energy (DOE) by <span class="highlight">the</span> National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE national laboratory. DOE/GO-102000-1057 June 2000 T <span class="highlight">OF</span> ENERG YD E PA RT MEN U E N IT E D STAT S <span class="highlight">OF</span> A E R IC A M Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Biopower Program Initiative Goal <span class="highlight">To</span> develop systems that are: • Fuel flexible • Efficient • Simple <span class="highlight">to</span> operate • Environmentally friendly • 1 kW <span class="highlight">to</span> 5 MW Phase 1 Studies
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NREL Renewable Energy Activities�Choices for Tomorrow
Fossil Fuel → Steam Gas Turbine We burn coal, oil, or natural gas to make steam to produce 72% of our electricity....
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Fossil Fuel → Steam Gas Turbine We burn coal, oil, or natural gas to make steam to produce 72% of our electricity.
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=10
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=10
REACT --Page 9 In summary, energy sources can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable: ENERGY Renewable Nonrenewable 1. sun 1. coal 2. water 2. natural <span class="highlight">gas</span> 3. wood 3. petroleum 4. wind 4. nuclear fission 5. biomass 6. geothermal 7. ocean tides HOW IS ELECTRICITY MADE? One <span class="highlight">of</span> <span class="highlight">the</span> fossil fuels (usually coal) is burned in a power plant <span class="highlight">to</span> heat water. <span class="highlight">The</span> hot water turns into steam and forces a machine called a <span class="highlight">turbine</span> <span class="highlight">to</span> turn. <span class="highlight">The</span> <span class="highlight">turbine</span> powers a generator into electricity which is sent through power
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=31
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=31
REACT --Page 37 Activity 5 HOW CAN WE GENERATE ELECTRICITY? CONCEPT <span class="highlight">To</span> understand <span class="highlight">the</span> importance <span class="highlight">of</span> renewable energy, students will learn how electricity is made. GOAL Students will realize that <span class="highlight">to</span> make electricity, something has <span class="highlight">to</span> "turn <span class="highlight">the</span> <span class="highlight">turbine</span>." (Examples: steam from burning coal, oil, or heating from sunlight (solar-thermal); or falling water; or wind; etc.) MATERIALS <span class="highlight">For</span> each group <span class="highlight">of</span> students, 100 cm <span class="highlight">of</span> bare copper wire; bar magnet; electric meter (i.e., galvanometer or milliammeter, hollow tube
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=32
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=32
produced?" 5. Once students have completed <span class="highlight">the</span> worksheet questions, ask them <span class="highlight">to</span> construct a <span class="highlight">turbine</span> generator using some form <span class="highlight">of</span> renewable energy (perhaps wind or water) <span class="highlight">to</span> do <span class="highlight">the</span> turning. Hand out "Energy Sources that Turn <span class="highlight">the</span> <span class="highlight">Turbine</span>" as a guide <span class="highlight">for</span> this activity.
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=35
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=35
REACT – Page 41 Name ENERGY SOURCES THAT TURN <span class="highlight">THE</span> <span class="highlight">TURBINE</span> DIRECTIONS: <span class="highlight">For</span> each row <span class="highlight">of</span> three pictures, draw in <span class="highlight">the</span> missing part. Contact: National Energy Foundation 3676 California Ave. Suite A117 Salt Lake City, UT 84104 (801) 908-5800 http://www.nef1.org
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=36
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=36
We get steam from beneath <span class="highlight">the</span> earth’s surface <span class="highlight">to</span> produce a small amount <span class="highlight">of</span> electricity. Geothermal energy → Steam Steam <span class="highlight">Turbine</span> Fossil Fuels → Hot Gases We burn coal, oil, or natural <span class="highlight">gas</span> <span class="highlight">to</span> make hot gases <span class="highlight">to</span> produce electricity.
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=37
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=37
Water <span class="highlight">Turbine</span> We dam up water <span class="highlight">to</span> turn turbines <span class="highlight">to</span> make 13% <span class="highlight">of</span> our electricity. Wind <span class="highlight">Turbine</span> We use <span class="highlight">the</span> wind <span class="highlight">to</span> turn turbines <span class="highlight">to</span> produce a very small amount <span class="highlight">of</span> electricity.
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=39
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=39
Fossil Fuel → Steam <span class="highlight">Gas</span> <span class="highlight">Turbine</span> We burn coal, oil, or natural <span class="highlight">gas</span> <span class="highlight">to</span> make steam <span class="highlight">to</span> produce 72% <span class="highlight">of</span> our electricity.
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=42
www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=42
windmills in Holland are used <span class="highlight">for</span>? (Surprisingly, not <span class="highlight">for</span> energy! They are used <span class="highlight">to</span> grind grain.) Refer <span class="highlight">to</span> <span class="highlight">the</span> previous activity <span class="highlight">to</span> remind students that electricity is generated from something turning <span class="highlight">the</span> shaft <span class="highlight">of</span> a <span class="highlight">turbine</span>. (Students that built a windmill in <span class="highlight">the</span> last activity can use it as one <span class="highlight">of</span> their "modern" wind machines.) Discover. Create. Ask Questions: refer <span class="highlight">to</span> "How Much Wind is Needed <span class="highlight">to</span> Turn a Modern Wind Machine?" ACTIVITY Refer <span class="highlight">to</span> "How Much Wind is Needed <span class="highlight">to</span> Turn a Modern Wind Machine?"
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www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf#page=46
REACT --Page 55 Activity 7 HYDROPOWER--BUILDING A "TURBIN-ATOR" CONCEPT Students will learn that rotors, blades and water <span class="highlight">speed</span> are also factors that determine how much electricity can be generated by hydropower (a dam). GOAL Students will make a "hydro-mill" and design an experiment that measures <span class="highlight">the</span> relationship between amount <span class="highlight">of</span> water, <span class="highlight">speed</span>, <span class="highlight">the</span> number <span class="highlight">of</span> turns <span class="highlight">of</span> <span class="highlight">the</span> rotor (<span class="highlight">turbine</span>), and <span class="highlight">the</span> weight <span class="highlight">of</span> objects pulled in by <span class="highlight">the</span> string. (Students should limit <span class="highlight">the</span> variables listed above.) MATERIALS Empty
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