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Investigating Children's Emerging Digital Literacies
surprisingly, those children who spent considerably more time online developed more robust skills in online communication and authoring. The results also show that children’s digital literacy skills are emerging in ways that reflect local circumstances, such as the length of time...
3D FractaL-Tree
languages (pp. 1-40). Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing. 0-7204-2806-8 Deussen, O.; Lintermann, B. 2005. Digital Design of Nature : Computer Generated Plants and Organics. Springer. Research Articles Perttunen, et al. "LIGNUM: A Tree Model Based on Simple Structural...
This Can't Last: Study Ranks Countries by Environmental Sustainability
United States slightly above the middle of the pack. The 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) by environmental experts at Yale and Columbia Universities ranked 146 countries based on various factors, including past and present pollution, environmental management efforts, waste gene...
 Poverty, Old-Age and Social Pensions in Kenya
Nanak Kakwani, H yun H . Son and Richard H inz 33 TABLE 5.2 Probit regression results for the elderly (a) Dependent variable is poverty indicator (poor = 1 and non-poor = 0) Elderly 55 & over Elderly 60 & over Variables Marginal Effect Robust z statistics Mean Marginal effect ...
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Nanak Kakwani, H yun H . Son and Richard H inz 33 TABLE 5.2 Probit regression results for the elderly (a) Dependent variable is poverty indicator (poor = 1 and non-poor = 0) Elderly 55 & over Elderly 60 & over Variables Marginal Effect Robust z statistics Mean Marginal effect Robust z statistics Mean Married monogamous 0.341 1.88 0.56 0.375 1.81 0.53 Married polygamous 0.337 1.91 0.25 0.352 1.76 0.27 Divorced/separated 0.352* 2.00 0.01 0.364 1.92 0.01 Widowed
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=35
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=35
Nanak Kakwani, H yun H . Son and Richard H inz 33 TABLE 5.2 Probit regression results for the elderly (a) Dependent variable is poverty indicator (poor = 1 and non-poor = 0) Elderly 55 & over Elderly 60 & over Variables Marginal Effect <span class="highlight">Robust</span> z statistics Mean Marginal effect <span class="highlight">Robust</span> z statistics Mean Married monogamous 0.341 1.88 0.56 0.375 1.81 0.53 Married polygamous 0.337 1.91 0.25 0.352 1.76 0.27 Divorced/separated 0.352* 2.00 0.01 0.364 1.92 0.01 Widowed
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=49
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=49
N OTES 1. The results are very <span class="highlight">robust</span> to the choice of reference household size. 2. Initially, we were planning to m ake a further adjustm ent in the poverty line to take into account health expenditures, as these are likely to be higher am ong the elderly. W e attem pted this exercise <span class="highlight">using</span> a regression m odel of health expenditure but we did not get significant results. As such, we dropped this idea of adjusting the poverty lines by the health expenditure of the elderly. 3. Since official
New Robots Clone Themselves
can assume a range of three-dimensional shapes. "People think of robots as durable metallic machines, and the only way to make them last longer is to make them more sturdy," Lipson said. Lipson and his colleagues are exploring a different paradigm, in which robots become more robust...
A Feasibility Study of On-the-Fly Item Generation in Adaptive Testing
Isaac I. Bejar, René R. Lawless, Mary E. Morley, Michael E. Wagner, Randy E. Bennett, Javier Revuelta Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of an approach to adaptive testing using item models based on the quantitative section of the Graduate R...
A Review of Item Exposure Control Strategies for Computerized Adaptive Testing Developed f...
dichotomous scoring, polytomous scoring and testlet-based CAT systems. In addition, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy group using examples from simulation studies. No new research is presented but rather a compendium of models is reviewed with an overal...
Inter-country Comparisons of Poverty Based on a Capability Approach: An Empirical Exercise
criteria, and which lies between them. The contribution of individual countries to global poverty varies dramatically depending on the identification criterion used. For example, in the first artificial aggregate considered, Vietnam's share of world poverty rises from 13 percent (using the $1...
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criteria, and which lies between them. The contribution of individual countries to global poverty varies dramatically depending on the identification criterion used. For example, in the first artificial aggregate considered, Vietnam's share of world poverty rises from 13 percent (using the $1/day identification criterion) to 65 percent (using the capability-based identification criterion). Our rankings of countries must not be taken as authoritative. Our results suffer from many obvious flaws, among which
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper27.pdf#page=20
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper27.pdf#page=20
criteria, and which lies between them. The contribution of individual countries to global poverty varies dramatically depending on the identification criterion used. For example, in the first artificial aggregate considered, Vietnam's share of world poverty rises from 13 percent (<span class="highlight">using</span> the $1/day identification criterion) to 65 percent (<span class="highlight">using</span> the capability-<span class="highlight">based</span> identification criterion). Our rankings of countries must not be taken as authoritative. Our results suffer from many obvious flaws, among which
A note on measuring unemployment
Hyun H. Son and N anak Kakwani 9 REFERENCES International Labor O rganization. (1992). “Productive Em ploym ent for the Poor”, International Labor Review, Vol. 132, N o. 1. Ferreira, F., Lanjouw, P. and N eri, M . (2003). “A robust poverty profile for Brazil using...
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Hyun H. Son and N anak Kakwani 9 REFERENCES International Labor O rganization. (1992). “Productive Em ploym ent for the Poor”, International Labor Review, Vol. 132, N o. 1. Ferreira, F., Lanjouw, P. and N eri, M . (2003). “A robust poverty profile for Brazil using m ultiple data sources,” Revista Brasileira de Econom ica 57 (1), pp. 59-92. Rocha, S. (1993). “Poverty lines for Brazil: N ew estim ates from em pirical evidence”, m im eo IPEA W orking Paper, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper28.pdf#page=11
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper28.pdf#page=11
Hyun H. Son and N anak Kakwani 9 REFERENCES International Labor O rganization. (1992). “Productive Em ploym ent for the Poor”, International Labor Review, Vol. 132, N o. 1. Ferreira, F., Lanjouw, P. and N eri, M . (2003). “A <span class="highlight">robust</span> poverty profile for Brazil <span class="highlight">using</span> m ultiple data sources,” Revista Brasileira de Econom ica 57 (1), pp. 59-92. Rocha, S. (1993). “Poverty lines for Brazil: N ew estim ates from em pirical evidence”, m im eo IPEA W orking Paper, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .
The MDGs and pro-poor polices: related but not synonymous
trends that are based on the metric of $1 per day cannot be considered as a robust source of information. Regrettably, a dollar per day does not keep poverty at bay. A growing number of analysts argue that the international poverty line of $1 or $2 per day is not a good gauge [Reddy &a...
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trends that are based on the metric of $1 per day cannot be considered as a robust source of information. Regrettably, a dollar per day does not keep poverty at bay. A growing number of analysts argue that the international poverty line of $1 or $2 per day is not a good gauge [Reddy & Pogge, 2003]. After examining cross-country data on underweight and income poverty — using both national and international poverty lines — Morrisson [2002] concluded, “the number of malnourished children is correlated to
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper3.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper3.pdf#page=8
trends that are <span class="highlight">based</span> on the metric of $1 per day cannot be considered as a <span class="highlight">robust</span> source of information. Regrettably, a dollar per day does not keep poverty at bay. A growing number of analysts argue that the international poverty line of $1 or $2 per day is not a good gauge [Reddy & Pogge, 2003]. After examining cross-country data on underweight and income poverty — <span class="highlight">using</span> both national and international poverty lines — Morrisson [2002] concluded, “the number of malnourished children is correlated to
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