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 Conditional Cash Transfers in Brazil, Chile and Mexico: Impacts upon Inequality
including som e unconditional cash transfers. CCT incom e is the com ponent under scrutiny, and is the incom e received by the fam ilies registered in the program m es. This com ponent exists, how ever, only for 2003-2004. The category of ‘other incom e’ includes every form...
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including som e unconditional cash transfers. CCT incom e is the com ponent under scrutiny, and is the incom e received by the fam ilies registered in the program m es. This com ponent exists, how ever, only for 2003-2004. The category of ‘other incom e’ includes every form of incom e registered by the survey that w as not classified in any of the other three categories. This last com ponent is com prised m ainly of rents, investm ent earnings and private transfers (donations and dom estic or international
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=8
6 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 35 The transfer has three basic <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents, tw o of w hich are conditional and one non- conditional. H ouseholds benefiting from O portunidades receive an unconditional transfer in the am ount of 250 pesos ($ 32 PPP) per elderly adult in the household. Additionally, households receive a food support transfer of 189 pesos ($ 24 PPP) conditional on attending training sessions on nutrition and health. The m ore substantive transfer, though, is the
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=9
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=9
including som e unconditional cash transfers. CCT incom e is the <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent under scrutiny, and is the incom e received by the fam ilies registered in the program m es. This <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent exists, how ever, only for 2003-2004. The category of ‘other incom e’ includes every form of incom e registered by the survey that w as not classified in any of the other three categories. This last <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent is <span class="highlight">com</span> prised m ainly of rents, investm ent earnings and private transfers (donations and dom estic or international
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=10
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=10
8 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 35 of recipient (e.g., w age em ployee or self-account w orker). The inform ation available in Chilean datasets m akes it very difficult, how ever, to reverse this adjustm ent. Also, this adjustm ent cannot be reproduced for the other countries. The third challenge w as related to the construction of total incom e.6 This involved questions about w hat should be <span class="highlight">com</span> puted, and w hat should not. In Chile and Mexico, it is custom ary to im pute the
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=11
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=11
Sergei Soares; Rafael G uerreiro O sório; Fábio Veras Soares; Marcelo Medeiros and Eduardo Zepeda 9 W here G is the G ini index, ck represents the coefficient of concentration of factor <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent k relative to total incom e and φk is the w eight of factor k in total incom e. D ifferencing [1] w e have: ( )k k k k k G c cϕ ϕ∆ = ∆ + ∆ � [2] The first term in the sum m ation represents the <span class="highlight">com</span> position effect and the second the effect of the change in the coefficient of concentration. If w e
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=18
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper35.pdf#page=18
rounded. Source: Pnad 1995, 2004; Casen 1996, 2003; Enigh 1996, 2004. Incom e from social security also had an im portant contribution to the dynam ics of inequality. It raised inequality in Brazil and Mexico but not in Chile. In Brazil and Mexico, a <span class="highlight">com</span> bination of greater concentration and a larger share of this m ore concentrated incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent in the total overturned one sixth of the equalizing effect of the im proved distribution of labour incom es in Mexico and over-turned one quarter in Brazil
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