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Education
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 Can Privatisation and Commercialisation of Public Services Help Achieve The MDGs? An Asses...
Kate Bayliss and Tim Kessler 15 Privatisation proponents m aintain that all basic services can be im proved through increased form s of com petition. In the case of utilities, they argue that com petition in the bidding process itself helps reduce utility prices for consum ers. In...
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Kate Bayliss and Tim Kessler 15 Privatisation proponents m aintain that all basic services can be im proved through increased form s of com petition. In the case of utilities, they argue that com petition in the bidding process itself helps reduce utility prices for consum ers. In the case of health care, education, and electricity generation, privatisation advocates argue that consum ers benefit from direct com petition: low barriers to entry and the ability to choose am ong m ultiple
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=15
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=15
Kate Bayliss and Tim Kessler 13 Private providers have strong incentives to lim it what regulators know about the utilities they operate. According to a W orld Bank researcher on infrastructure: “The fundam ental problem of regulation is one of asym m etric inform ation between the regulated <span class="highlight">com</span> pany and the regulatory agency. The regulated <span class="highlight">com</span> pany will have a strong incentive to abuse [its] strategic advantage by under-supplying inform ation or distorting the inform ation supplied” (Foster
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=17
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=17
Kate Bayliss and Tim Kessler 15 Privatisation proponents m aintain that all basic services can be im proved through increased form s of <span class="highlight">com</span> petition. In the case of utilities, they argue that <span class="highlight">com</span> petition in the bidding process itself helps reduce utility prices for consum ers. In the case of health care, education, and electricity generation, privatisation advocates argue that consum ers benefit from direct <span class="highlight">com</span> petition: low barriers to entry and the ability to choose am ong m ultiple
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=21
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=21
Kate Bayliss and Tim Kessler 19 The challenges of creating well-functioning electricity generation m arkets are dem onstrated m ost powerfully in developed countries, where regulatory institutions are m ore experienced and have far greater financial and personnel resources than in poor ones. According to the U S N ational <span class="highlight">Com</span> m ission on Energy Policy, “Electric industry restructuring [in the U S] has derailed. The m assive blackout of August 14, 2003 certainly was not needed to underscore the
Managing the Exchange Rate Consequences of an MDG-Related Scale-up in HIV/AIDS Financing
relatively short periods of tim e com e with several dangers. AID DEPENDENCY Large aid flows that persist over extended periods can induce responses that are inim ical to econom ic growth and welfare over the long run. One of those potential negative responses is a reduced dom estic savings...
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relatively short periods of tim e com e with several dangers. AID DEPENDENCY Large aid flows that persist over extended periods can induce responses that are inim ical to econom ic growth and welfare over the long run. One of those potential negative responses is a reduced dom estic savings rate as dom estic econom ic agents choose to consum e the m ost part of current incom e, with the expectation that foreign savings, in the form of developm ent assistance, will provide the necessary additional resources
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper1.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper1.pdf#page=13
relatively short periods of tim e <span class="highlight">com</span> e with several dangers. AID DEPENDENCY Large aid flows that persist over extended periods can induce responses that are inim ical to econom ic growth and welfare over the long run. One of those potential negative responses is a reduced dom estic savings rate as dom estic econom ic agents choose to consum e the m ost part of current incom e, with the expectation that foreign savings, in the form of developm ent assistance, will provide the necessary additional resources
Measuring the Impact of Price Changes on Poverty
2 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 33 1 INTROD UCTION Changes in relative prices can have a large im pact on poverty yet m ost studies do not address the issue of relative prices.1 In the m easurem ent of trends in poverty, a com m on m ethod is to update the poverty line...
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2 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 33 1 INTROD UCTION Changes in relative prices can have a large im pact on poverty yet m ost studies do not address the issue of relative prices.1 In the m easurem ent of trends in poverty, a com m on m ethod is to update the poverty line over tim e using the Laspeyres price index, w hich uses the average budget shares as the w eights. This index is com pletely insensitive to the distributional im pact of prices. Kenneth Arrow in 1958 noted that
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=4
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=4
2 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 33 1 INTROD UCTION Changes in relative prices can have a large im pact on poverty yet m ost studies do not address the issue of relative prices.1 In the m easurem ent of trends in poverty, a <span class="highlight">com</span> m on m ethod is to update the poverty line over tim e using the Laspeyres price index, w hich uses the average budget shares as the w eights. This index is <span class="highlight">com</span> pletely insensitive to the distributional im pact of prices. Kenneth Arrow in 1958 noted that
Is all Socioeconomic Inequality among Racial Groups in Brazil Caused by Racial Discriminat...
to prim ary education, for instance, was nearly universalized during the 1990s. However, com pletion of prim ary education is still a problem , and access to secondary schools is a bottleneck in the educational system . Nevertheless, educational indicators disaggregated by race show a dim ini...
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to prim ary education, for instance, was nearly universalized during the 1990s. However, com pletion of prim ary education is still a problem , and access to secondary schools is a bottleneck in the educational system . Nevertheless, educational indicators disaggregated by race show a dim inishing proportional gap. At the sam e tim e, the absolute gap, depending on the indicator chosen, could be stable or even increasing. To illustrate such trends, we have constructed Chart 5, which shows the
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper43.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper43.pdf#page=13
to prim ary education, for instance, was nearly universalized during the 1990s. However, <span class="highlight">com</span> pletion of prim ary education is still a problem , and access to secondary schools is a bottleneck in the educational system . Nevertheless, educational indicators disaggregated by race show a dim inishing proportional gap. At the sam e tim e, the absolute gap, depending on the indicator chosen, could be stable or even increasing. To illustrate such trends, we have constructed Chart 5, which shows the
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