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 Assessing the pro-poorness of government fiscal policy in Thailand
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty...
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Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e com ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be com puted given data on incom e com ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e com ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be <span class="highlight">com</span> puted given data on incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=9
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=9
Hyun H. Son 7 To derive the elasticity, let us w rite the dem and equations of k <span class="highlight">com</span> m odities as q = q (x, p) w here p and q are the k × 1 vectors of prices and quantities of k <span class="highlight">com</span> m odities, and x is the disposable incom e. It is reasonable to assum e that all individuals face the sam e price vector, w hich m eans that the prices are fixed across individuals. Thus, w e w rite the dem and equation as q = q(x), w hich are the quantities consum ed by an individual w ith disposable incom e x.1 U
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
Hyun H. Son 11 4 D ATA ANALYSIS 4.1 D ATA SOURCE The data source <span class="highlight">com</span> es from the Socio-Econom ic Surveys (SES) conducted in 1998. The SES data are unit record household surveys conducted every tw o years by the National Statistics Office in Thailand. The survey is nationw ide and covers all private, non-institutional households residing perm anently in m unicipal, sanitary districts, and villages. How ever, it excludes part of the population living in transient hotels or room ing houses
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=15
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=15
Hyun H. Son 13 FIG U RE 1 Pro-Poor index for incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents, poverty gap ratio 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Wa ge & sa lar y En tre pre ne ur ial inc om e Fa rm inc om e Re nt fro m bo ar de rs La nd re nt fro m far m ing Ot her re nt fro m no n- far m ing Int er es t & div ide nd s Re m itta nc es Pe ns ion s & an nu itie s Te rm ina l p ay & ot her s Fo od as pa rt o f p ay Re nt re ce ive d a s p ay Ot her go od s a s p ay Ho m e pro
New Global Poverty Counts
NEW GLOBAL POVERTY COU NTS ∗ Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son ABSTRACT The m ain objective of this study is to com pute an international poverty threshold based on the food requirem ent to ensure an adequate calorie intake for the world’s poorest. The study proposes a new m ethodo...
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NEW GLOBAL POVERTY COU NTS ∗ Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son ABSTRACT The m ain objective of this study is to com pute an international poverty threshold based on the food requirem ent to ensure an adequate calorie intake for the world’s poorest. The study proposes a new m ethodology based on consum er theory to provide a caloric based international poverty threshold. U sing this m ethodology, the international poverty line is estim ated to be equal to $1.22 in 1993 PPP exchange rates. According
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=3
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=3
NEW GLOBAL POVERTY COU NTS ∗ Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son ABSTRACT The m ain objective of this study is to <span class="highlight">com</span> pute an international poverty threshold based on the food requirem ent to ensure an adequate calorie intake for the world’s poorest. The study proposes a new m ethodology based on consum er theory to provide a caloric based international poverty threshold. U sing this m ethodology, the international poverty line is estim ated to be equal to $1.22 in 1993 PPP exchange rates. According
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=5
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=5
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son 3 The international poverty threshold developed on the basis of 19 countries is used to produce global poverty counts utilizing the W orld Bank data base consisting of over 450 surveys for about 100 counties covering 93 percent of the population of low and m iddle- incom e countries in the world. 2 PU RCH ASING POWER PARITY The purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates are the essential ingredients of determ ining internationally <span class="highlight">com</span> parable poverty lines. The
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=15
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=15
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son 13 11 CONCLU D ING REM ARKS Every society has its own views on what constitutes a m inim um standard of living. Strictly speaking, we should not be able to m ake cross-country <span class="highlight">com</span> parisons of poverty rates since it would be virtually im possible to agree on a <span class="highlight">com</span> m on poverty basket that is acceptable in every country. In spite of this, global estim ates do play an im portant role in m onitoring the level and change in poverty around the world. They can be used
Measuring the Impact of Price Changes on Poverty
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PRICE CHANGES ON POVERTY* Hyun H. Son** and N anak Kakw ani ABSTRACT This paper develops a m ethodology to m easure the im pact of price changes on poverty m easured by an entire class of additive separable poverty m easures. This im pact is captured by m eans of price elasti...
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MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PRICE CHANGES ON POVERTY* Hyun H. Son** and N anak Kakw ani ABSTRACT This paper develops a m ethodology to m easure the im pact of price changes on poverty m easured by an entire class of additive separable poverty m easures. This im pact is captured by m eans of price elasticity of poverty. The total effect of changes in price on poverty is explained in term s of tw o com ponents. The first com ponent is the incom e effect of the change in price and the second is the
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=3
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=3
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PRICE CHANGES ON POVERTY* Hyun H. Son** and N anak Kakw ani ABSTRACT This paper develops a m ethodology to m easure the im pact of price changes on poverty m easured by an entire class of additive separable poverty m easures. This im pact is captured by m eans of price elasticity of poverty. The total effect of changes in price on poverty is explained in term s of tw o <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents. The first <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent is the incom e effect of the change in price and the second is the
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=7
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper33.pdf#page=7
Hyun H. Son and N anak Kakw ani 5 ( ) ( ) � −== z i i i i dxxfxxw x Pp p 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ∂ ∂θηθ (11) This elasticity has a sim ilar interpretation as the elasticity of the head-count ratio: if the price of the ith <span class="highlight">com</span> m odity increases by 1 percent, the poverty m easured by θ w ill increase by iθη percent. If all prices increase by one percent, then θ w ill increase by θη percent, w here θη is given by 1 0 1 ( ) zm i i P xf x dx x θ θη η θ
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