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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gassendi, Pierre
very much among the moderns. For one, he embraces the new empiricist's assessment of the old science: what is wrong with the Aristotelians' physics is its routine presentation, as well as grounding, in apriori theoretical claims. He is not the only, or the first author of such ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: evolutionary
observed in nature. The force of mutation is the ultimate source of new genetic variation within populations. Although most mutations are neutral with no effect on fitness or harmful, some mutations have a small, positive effect on fitness and these variant...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: early philosophical interpretations of
Machian Positivism 2.1 In the Early Einstein In 1912, Einstein's name, together with those of the Göttingen mathematicians David Hilbert and Felix Klein, was prominently displayed (in the Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 27, 336) among those joining Mach's in a call for...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Darwinism
’ 1539 De Revolutionibus, Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Sometimes, but not always, the theory tends in popular parlance to be named after the author of these seminal documents, as is the case with Darwinism. But like every historical entity, theories undergo c...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: the biological notion of
for medical experimentation, one that instantiated a reductive strategy based on positivist principles. Later, biochemistry and genetics pursued this methodological and theoretical approach, thereby providing medicine with its modern experimental basis. Bernard furnished...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: panpsychism
Sprigge, in A Vindication of Absolute Idealism (1983), defends an idealist based panpsychism somewhat akin to that of Royce. Sprigge summarized his views and provided some novel defences of them in Sprigge (2007), which is a response to a nu...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: biodiversity
further review, see Faith 1994). As an alternative to such a triage approach, an SMS-style approach again is advocated based on the number of unit-species saved within a budget. In conclusion, the SMS is compatible with an all-of-biodiversity...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: molecular biology
organismal complexity, it turned out that neither organismal complexity nor even position on the foodchain was predictive of gene-number. The successes of genomics have encouraged a number of disciplines to “go genomic”, including behavio...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: quantum computing
state it will occupy, and (c) the displacement of the head on the tape. In 1936 Turing showed that since one can encode the instruction table of a Turing machine T and express it as a binary number #(T), there exists a universal Turing machine U that...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: distributive
be whether all such large differentials which result in large differences in economic power also demonstrably have the result of worsening the absolute position of the least advantaged. The utilitarian objection to the Difference Principle is that it does not maximize utility....
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