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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: animal
to understand the origins of the idea that humans are qualitatively (and “qualia-tatively”) different from animals. Aristotle asserted that only humans had rational souls, while the locomotive souls shared by all animals, human and nonhuman, endowed an...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: cognition, animal
from the human species to other species. Nevertheless, in another sense the analogical argument for animal minds is weaker, since the strength of the argument is a function of the degree of similarity between the reference class and the target...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Chinese and Western
interconnection that leads us to the belief that there is some definite ‘I’ that underlies and is independent of the ever-shifting series. But there is only the interacting and interconnected series. This metaphysical concern, of course, had deep practical imp...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: evolutionary
the mathematical theory of population genetics founded on the seminal works of Fisher, Wright, and Haldane. Among the evolutionary forces, natural selection has long been privileged in evolutionary studies because of its crucial role in adaptation. Ecological genetics is...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: color
there are different brands of subjectivism. Not all scientists express eliminativism explicitly, but many of the others tend to accept subjectivism. D. L. MacAdam, for example, is not untypical in writing that physiologists and psychologists use term ‘color&rsquo...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: neuroscience, philosophy of
actual details of the emerging neurosciences. Recall the favorite early example of a psychoneural identity claim: pain is identical to C-fiber firing. The “C fibers” turned out to be related to only a single aspect of pain transmission (Hardcastle, 1997...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: higher-order theories
blocks of very different sizes, her reaching and grasping behaviors when asked to pick up such a block are virtually indistinguishable from those of normal controls. It is very hard to make sense of these data without supposing that the sensorimotor perceptu...
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