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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: conservation biology
originally developed in Australia. Significant differences of approach in the two traditions were resolved in the late 1990s through the formulation of a consensus framework for the design and adaptive management of conservation area networks. This entry pre...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Chinese room argument
Reply The Robot Reply concedes Searle is right about the Chinese Room scenario: it shows that a computer trapped in a computer room cannot understand language, or know what words mean. The Robot reply is responsive to the problem of knowing the meaning of the Chin...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: logic and
methodological point of view, by imagining how the analysis could be applied to the linguistic usage of a hypothetical robot. Carnap hoped that the fact that we could imagine ourselves to know the internal structure of the robot would help to make the case for an empirica...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: environmental
traditional ideas about aesthetic appreciation not only for nature but also for art. It argues that the theory of disinterestedness involves a mistaken analysis of concept of the aesthetic and that this is most evident in the aesthetic experience of natural environment...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: temporal
to the modal-logic type of approach introduced around 1960 by Arthur Prior under the name of Tense Logic and subsequently developed further by logicians and computer scientists. Applications of Temporal Logic include its use as a formalism for clarifying philosophical issues ab...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: epistemic
modal formula is said to be valid in a frame iff the formula is true for all possible assignments in all worlds in the frame. Similar semantics may be formulated for the belief operator. Since a belief is not necessarily true but rather prob...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: models in science
(what is the representational function that models perform?), ontology (what kind of things are models?), epistemology (how do we learn with models?), and, of course, in general philosophy of science (how do models relate to theory?; what are the implications of a model based ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: prisoner's dilemma
Open access to the SEP is made possible by a world-wide funding initiative. Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Author & Citation Info | Friends PDF Preview | InPho Search | PhilPapers Bibliography Prisoner's Dilemma First published Thu Sep 4, 1997; substantive revi...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: combining
logics involved (in this case, alethic and deontic) or by decomposition of the complex logic (in this case, bimodal) into simpler ones. In such circumstances, combining logics can be perceived as a tool for simplifying problems involving heterogeneous reasoning....
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