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 Assessing the pro-poorness of government fiscal policy in Thailand
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty...
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Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e com ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be com puted given data on incom e com ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e com ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be <span class="highlight">com</span> puted given data on incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
Hyun H. Son 11 4 D ATA ANALYSIS 4.1 D ATA SOURCE The data source <span class="highlight">com</span> es from the Socio-Econom ic Surveys (SES) conducted in 1998. The SES data are unit record household surveys conducted every tw o years by the National Statistics Office in Thailand. The survey is nationw ide and covers all private, non-institutional households residing perm anently in m unicipal, sanitary districts, and villages. How ever, it excludes part of the population living in transient hotels or room ing houses
Cash Transfer Programmes in Brazil: Impacts on Inequality and Poverty
17. Note that to m ake the data from 2004 com patible w ith the data from 1995, it w as necessary to discard the inform ation that referred to the Rural North (w ith the exception of the state of Tocantins) since only after 2004 did this region begin to be included in the PNAD sam ple. 18....
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17. Note that to m ake the data from 2004 com patible w ith the data from 1995, it w as necessary to discard the inform ation that referred to the Rural North (w ith the exception of the state of Tocantins) since only after 2004 did this region begin to be included in the PNAD sam ple. 18. Recent studies on Brazil inequality (Soares(2006) and H offm an(2005)) have concentrated on the fall in inequality betw een 2001-2004 as the latter year indicate the start of the continuous fall in inequality
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper21.pdf#page=34
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper21.pdf#page=34
17. Note that to m ake the data from 2004 <span class="highlight">com</span> patible w ith the data from 1995, it w as necessary to discard the inform ation that referred to the Rural North (w ith the exception of the state of Tocantins) since only after 2004 did this region begin to be included in the PNAD sam ple. 18. Recent studies on Brazil inequality (Soares(2006) and H offm an(2005)) have concentrated on the fall in inequality betw een 2001-2004 as the latter year indicate the start of the continuous fall in inequality
Distinguishing Chronic Poverty from Transient Poverty in Brazil: Developing a Model for Ps...
PN AD data and Rocha (2003). 4 MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA SOURCES Our Transient-Chronic analysis (henceforth T-C) is based on the com ponent approach (e.g., com paring constant versus fluctuating com ponents of a poverty index). It considers the distinction betw een a station...
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PN AD data and Rocha (2003). 4 MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA SOURCES Our Transient-Chronic analysis (henceforth T-C) is based on the com ponent approach (e.g., com paring constant versus fluctuating com ponents of a poverty index). It considers the distinction betw een a stationary or perm anent com ponent and a transient com ponent, both of w hich contribute to the propensity to poverty of each cohort. In contrast to the em pirical analysis proposed by Ravallion (1988) and Jalan and Ravallion (1998
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=8
PN AD data and Rocha (2003). 4 MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA SOURCES Our Transient-Chronic analysis (henceforth T-C) is based on the <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent approach (e.g., <span class="highlight">com</span> paring constant versus fluctuating <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents of a poverty index). It considers the distinction betw een a stationary or perm anent <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent and a transient <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent, both of w hich contribute to the propensity to poverty of each cohort. In contrast to the em pirical analysis proposed by Ravallion (1988) and Jalan and Ravallion (1998
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=13
Rafael Perez Ribas and Ana Flávia M achado 11 and the dow nw ard m obility rate can be calculated as follow s: [ ] ( )( )1 1,2212 1 ;, 1)1(|0Pr − −− − − ′ −Φ −+′−′−Φ ==−>= dj djdj jdjdjd z xz PPe µβ ρωγµβ . (13) In this M arkov m odel, chronic poverty, w hich is identified in Equation (7), depends not only on individual characteristics, represented by vectors jz and jx , but also on a state dependence <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent. This state dependence is pronounced w hen the probability to be poor in d is
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=21
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf#page=21
Rafael Perez Ribas and Ana Flávia M achado 19 vulnerable to changes in their state. Those w ho have <span class="highlight">com</span> pleted m iddle school show ed the low est chronic poverty level, 7.5 per cent, and w ere less subject to fluctuations in incom e. W ith regard to race, nonw hites exhibit the w orst poverty indicators, regardless of sex. In contrast, the characteristics that differentiate m en from w om en are sim ilar across races. M en present higher persistence (s) and dow nw ard m obility (e) rates: as a
Global Estimates of Pro-Poor Growth
ere com piled by the W orld Bank. The data com e from prim ary sources and are available at http://w w w .w orldbank.org/research/povm onitor. 3. W e have used the W orld Bank’s country classification. 4. W e w ere able to get the figures for consum er price indicies for all spe...
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ere com piled by the W orld Bank. The data com e from prim ary sources and are available at http://w w w .w orldbank.org/research/povm onitor. 3. W e have used the W orld Bank’s country classification. 4. W e w ere able to get the figures for consum er price indicies for all spells and countries except 4 spells and 2 countries. 5. W e have com piled the data for the share of agriculture in GDP for 227 spells.
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper31.pdf#page=26
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper31.pdf#page=26
ere <span class="highlight">com</span> piled by the W orld Bank. The data <span class="highlight">com</span> e from prim ary sources and are available at http://w w w .w orldbank.org/research/povm onitor. 3. W e have used the W orld Bank’s country classification. 4. W e w ere able to get the figures for consum er price indicies for all spells and countries except 4 spells and 2 countries. 5. W e have <span class="highlight">com</span> piled the data for the share of agriculture in GDP for 227 spells.
Can Privatisation and Commercialisation of Public Services Help Achieve The MDGs? An Asses...
for-profit private sector are involved in unnecessary procedures, such as high rates of caesarian sections, unwarranted tests and surgeries (W orld Bank 2004). In the water sector, regulators are usually unable to com pel firm s to disclose inform ation about perform ance or prices. Yet witho...
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for-profit private sector are involved in unnecessary procedures, such as high rates of caesarian sections, unwarranted tests and surgeries (W orld Bank 2004). In the water sector, regulators are usually unable to com pel firm s to disclose inform ation about perform ance or prices. Yet without such data, it is not possible to verify, for exam ple, if cost-based tariff increases are justified. In G abon, the regulator found it difficult to m onitor the activities of the private operator: “In the absence
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=16
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=16
for-profit private sector are involved in unnecessary procedures, such as high rates of caesarian sections, unwarranted tests and surgeries (W orld Bank 2004). In the water sector, regulators are usually unable to <span class="highlight">com</span> pel firm s to disclose inform ation about perform ance or prices. Yet without such data, it is not possible to verify, for exam ple, if cost-based tariff increases are justified. In G abon, the regulator found it difficult to m onitor the activities of the private operator: “In the absence
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=35
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=35
term s of quantity of docum entation, but in term s of accessibility to regular citizens. Contrary to popular slogans, inform ation is not always power. Service providers that do not wish to be scrutinized m ight respond to inform ation requests by dum ping m ountains of data on the public, which can confuse or intim idate citizens and m ake action difficult. Inform ation about utilities in its purest form – raw data – will not be <span class="highlight">com</span> prehensible to m ost people. Efforts to synthesize, abridge and
Poverty, Growth and Income Distribution in Lebanon
NOTES 1. Taking into account household size, age and gender com position, consum ption estim ates here include food and non- food consum ption, im puted rents, im puted value of hom e-grown food and in-kind transfers received by households. However, due to data lim itations, the flow of serv...
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NOTES 1. Taking into account household size, age and gender com position, consum ption estim ates here include food and non- food consum ption, im puted rents, im puted value of hom e-grown food and in-kind transfers received by households. However, due to data lim itations, the flow of services from consum er durables is not taken into account, with the one exception of services provided by m eans of transportation (such as cars and trucks). Actual consum ption does not include gifts to other
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCCountryStudy13.pdf#page=23
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCCountryStudy13.pdf#page=23
NOTES 1. Taking into account household size, age and gender <span class="highlight">com</span> position, consum ption estim ates here include food and non- food consum ption, im puted rents, im puted value of hom e-grown food and in-kind transfers received by households. However, due to data lim itations, the flow of services from consum er durables is not taken into account, with the one exception of services provided by m eans of transportation (such as cars and trucks). Actual consum ption does not include gifts to other
Fiscal Policy
24 Training Module No. 1 – Fiscal Policy BO X 1.3 A ctive Fiscal Policy in Vietnam During the period 1990-2005, Vietnam had one of the fastest grow th rates of any country in the w orld. U nlike m ost of the countries in the Southeast Asia region, it suffered little from the Asian Financia...
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24 Training Module No. 1 – Fiscal Policy BO X 1.3 A ctive Fiscal Policy in Vietnam During the period 1990-2005, Vietnam had one of the fastest grow th rates of any country in the w orld. U nlike m ost of the countries in the Southeast Asia region, it suffered little from the Asian Financial Crisis. Central to this success w as an active fiscal policy that em phasised public investm ent. Because of problem s of non-com parability of data, the analysis in the table below begins in 1995. Follow
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCTrainingModule1.pdf#page=24
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCTrainingModule1.pdf#page=24
24 Training Module No. 1 – Fiscal Policy BO X 1.3 A ctive Fiscal Policy in Vietnam During the period 1990-2005, Vietnam had one of the fastest grow th rates of any country in the w orld. U nlike m ost of the countries in the Southeast Asia region, it suffered little from the Asian Financial Crisis. Central to this success w as an active fiscal policy that em phasised public investm ent. Because of problem s of non-<span class="highlight">com</span> parability of data, the analysis in the table below begins in 1995. Follow
Poverty among women in Latin America: Feminization or over-representation?
6 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 20 N either w ill equivalence scales that, by assum ing that w om en consum e less (i.e., have low er food requirem ents), tend to reduce poverty am ong w om en and fem ale headed households, but have a negligible effect on the process of fem ini...
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6 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 20 N either w ill equivalence scales that, by assum ing that w om en consum e less (i.e., have low er food requirem ents), tend to reduce poverty am ong w om en and fem ale headed households, but have a negligible effect on the process of fem inization of poverty. G iven the lim itations of data and the com plexity of doing research taking into account both m ultidim ensional indicators, intra-household inequalities and equivalence, a first step
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper20.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper20.pdf#page=8
6 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 20 N either w ill equivalence scales that, by assum ing that w om en consum e less (i.e., have low er food requirem ents), tend to reduce poverty am ong w om en and fem ale headed households, but have a negligible effect on the process of fem inization of poverty. G iven the lim itations of data and the <span class="highlight">com</span> plexity of doing research taking into account both m ultidim ensional indicators, intra-household inequalities and equivalence, a first step
New Global Poverty Counts
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son 3 The international poverty threshold developed on the basis of 19 countries is used to produce global poverty counts utilizing the W orld Bank data base consisting of over 450 surveys for about 100 counties covering 93 percent of the population of low and m iddle- i...
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Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son 3 The international poverty threshold developed on the basis of 19 countries is used to produce global poverty counts utilizing the W orld Bank data base consisting of over 450 surveys for about 100 counties covering 93 percent of the population of low and m iddle- incom e countries in the world. 2 PU RCH ASING POWER PARITY The purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates are the essential ingredients of determ ining internationally com parable poverty lines. The
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=5
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper29.pdf#page=5
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun H. Son 3 The international poverty threshold developed on the basis of 19 countries is used to produce global poverty counts utilizing the W orld Bank data base consisting of over 450 surveys for about 100 counties covering 93 percent of the population of low and m iddle- incom e countries in the world. 2 PU RCH ASING POWER PARITY The purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates are the essential ingredients of determ ining internationally <span class="highlight">com</span> parable poverty lines. The
Career/Technical Education Framework (CA Dept. of Education)
Mechanical Construction | 207 B U IL D IN G T R A D ES A N D C O N ST R U C T IO N Standards Advanced Proficient Basic Unacceptable Academics 1.2 Investigation and Experimentation (grades nine through twelve) 1.a: Select and use appropriate tools and technol- ogy (such as com- puter-linked...
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Mechanical Construction | 207 B U IL D IN G T R A D ES A N D C O N ST R U C T IO N Standards Advanced Proficient Basic Unacceptable Academics 1.2 Investigation and Experimentation (grades nine through twelve) 1.a: Select and use appropriate tools and technol- ogy (such as com- puter-linked probes, spreadsheets, and graphing calculators) to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships, and display data. (10 points) Uses a multime- ter to measure multiple quali- ties and sets up
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http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/cteframework.pdf#page=227
www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/cteframework.pdf#page=227
Mechanical Construction | 207 B U IL D IN G T R A D ES A N D C O N ST R U C T IO N Standards Advanced Proficient Basic Unacceptable Academics 1.2 Investigation and Experimentation (grades nine through twelve) 1.a: Select and use appropriate tools and technol- ogy (such as <span class="highlight">com</span>- puter-linked probes, spreadsheets, and graphing calculators) to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships, and display data. (10 points) Uses a multime- ter to measure multiple quali- ties and sets up
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