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 Gearing macroeconomic polices to manage large inflows of ODA: The implications for HIV/AID...
In the absence of foreign aid, the governm ents of developing countries would have no other option but to borrow from their central banks (nam ely, print m oney) to finance their investm ent needs.19 In other words, foreign aid allows the recipient governm ent to pursue...
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In the absence of foreign aid, the governm ents of developing countries would have no other option but to borrow from their central banks (nam ely, print m oney) to finance their investm ent needs.19 In other words, foreign aid allows the recipient governm ent to pursue an expansionary fiscal policy without causing significant inflationary pressures through m onetary expansion. Even when developing countries are able to raise dom estic savings, they can find them selves in a quandary, wherein they
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper17.pdf#page=20
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper17.pdf#page=20
In the absence of foreign aid, the governm ents of developing countries would have no other option but <span class="highlight">to</span> borrow <span class="highlight">from</span> their central banks (nam ely, print m oney) <span class="highlight">to</span> finance their investm ent needs.19 In other words, foreign aid allows the recipient governm ent <span class="highlight">to</span> pursue <span class="highlight">an</span> expansionary fiscal policy without causing significant inflationary pressures through m onetary expansion. Even when developing countries are able <span class="highlight">to</span> raise dom estic savings, they can find them selves in a quandary, wherein they
For full Report: South Africa
dustrial employment data from the Trade and Industrial Policy Secretariat (TIPS) database. Unless otherwise noted, all output and employment multipliers discussed in the body of the report were calculated using an endogenous household I-O model and the employment data from the T...
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dustrial employment data from the Trade and Industrial Policy Secretariat (TIPS) database. Unless otherwise noted, all output and employment multipliers discussed in the body of the report were calculated using an endogenous household I-O model and the employment data from the TIPS database. It should be noted that the employment data are derived from the enterprise surveys of Statistics South Africa and therefore refer to formal employment only. In addition, enterprises in certain sectors of the South African
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/publications/reports/South%20Africa.pdf#page=198
www.undp-povertycentre.org/publications/reports/South%20Africa.pdf#page=1...
dustrial employment data <span class="highlight">from</span> the Trade and Industrial Policy Secretariat (TIPS) database. Unless otherwise noted, all output and employment multipliers discussed in the body of the report were calculated using <span class="highlight">an</span> endogenous household I-O model and the employment data <span class="highlight">from</span> the TIPS database. It should be noted that the employment data are derived <span class="highlight">from</span> the enterprise surveys of Statistics South Africa and therefore refer <span class="highlight">to</span> formal employment only. In addition, enterprises in certain sectors of the South African
Can Privatisation and Commercialisation of Public Services Help Achieve The MDGs? An Asses...
erous form s of m arket-based reform s, the m ost basic distinction is between com m ercialisation and privatisation. Broadly speaking, commercialisation is the process of transform ing a transaction into a com m ercial activity, in which goods or services acquire a m onetary value. U nder th...
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erous form s of m arket-based reform s, the m ost basic distinction is between com m ercialisation and privatisation. Broadly speaking, commercialisation is the process of transform ing a transaction into a com m ercial activity, in which goods or services acquire a m onetary value. U nder this approach, a service provider seeks to cover m ost or all of its costs directly from individual (or household) service users. The reduction or elim ination of subsidies is a com m on form of com m ercialisation
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper22.pdf#page=8
erous form s of m arket-based reform s, the m ost basic distinction is between com m ercialisation and privatisation. Broadly speaking, commercialisation is the process of <span class="highlight">transform</span> ing a transaction into a com m ercial activity, in which goods or services acquire a m onetary value. U nder this approach, a service provider seeks <span class="highlight">to</span> cover m ost or all of its costs directly <span class="highlight">from</span> individual (or household) service users. The reduction or elim ination of subsidies is a com m on form of com m ercialisation
Inter-country Comparisons of Poverty Based on a Capability Approach: An Empirical Exercise
4 International Poverty Centre Working Paper nº 27 anchored poverty line [See e.g. Ravallion (1994)]. In order to achieve consistency in the methods used in poverty line construction, we apply this methodology of poverty-line construction to Tanzania and Nicaragua. Finally, we com...
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4 International Poverty Centre Working Paper nº 27 anchored poverty line [See e.g. Ravallion (1994)]. In order to achieve consistency in the methods used in poverty line construction, we apply this methodology of poverty-line construction to Tanzania and Nicaragua. Finally, we compare the resulting estimates with existing national poverty estimates for Tanzania and Nicaragua, and also with those from the money-metric IPL approach. We find that the choice of approach matters a great deal. In comparing
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper27.pdf#page=6
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper27.pdf#page=6
4 International Poverty Centre Working Paper nº 27 anchored poverty line [See e.g. Ravallion (1994)]. In order <span class="highlight">to</span> achieve consistency in the methods used in poverty line construction, we apply this methodology of poverty-line construction <span class="highlight">to</span> Tanzania and Nicaragua. Finally, we compare the resulting estimates with existing national poverty estimates for Tanzania and Nicaragua, and also with those <span class="highlight">from</span> the money-metric IPL approach. We find that the choice of approach matters a great deal. In comparing
Chinese Poverty: Assessing the Impact of Alternative Assumptions
alternative plausible estim ates of per capita private incom e and transform incom e shares into an incom e profile (a distribution of absolute incom e levels corresponding to incom e groups). W e then use alternative plausible estim ates of consum ption-to-incom e ratio...
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alternative plausible estim ates of per capita private incom e and transform incom e shares into an incom e profile (a distribution of absolute incom e levels corresponding to incom e groups). W e then use alternative plausible estim ates of consum ption-to-incom e ratios to transform the incom e profile into a consum ption profile. W e express the consum ption profile in a base year’s (1993) prices using alternative consum er price indices. Second, w e identify poverty lines expressed in currency units of
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper25.pdf#page=5
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper25.pdf#page=5
alternative plausible estim ates of per capita private incom e and <span class="highlight">transform</span> incom e shares into <span class="highlight">an</span> incom e profile (a distribution of absolute incom e levels corresponding <span class="highlight">to</span> incom e groups). W e then use alternative plausible estim ates of consum ption-<span class="highlight">to</span>-incom e ratios <span class="highlight">to</span> <span class="highlight">transform</span> the incom e profile into a consum ption profile. W e express the consum ption profile in a base year’s (1993) prices using alternative consum er price indices. Second, w e identify poverty lines expressed in currency units of
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper25.pdf#page=25
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper25.pdf#page=25
ratio as a m ultiplicative factor <span class="highlight">to</span> the other 1990 GDP PPP estim ates enables us <span class="highlight">to</span> obtain the corresponding 1990 consum ption PPPs. These are m oved forward <span class="highlight">to</span> 1993 using the official Chinese CPI <span class="highlight">to</span> <span class="highlight">transform</span> the num erator (<span class="highlight">from</span> 1990 Y <span class="highlight">to</span> 1993 Y) and using the U .S. CPI <span class="highlight">to</span> <span class="highlight">transform</span> the denom inator (<span class="highlight">from</span> 1990 $ <span class="highlight">to</span> 1993 $). The resulting figures are referred <span class="highlight">to</span> as Method II consum ption PPPs. Method I and Method II 1993 consum ption PPPs are reported in Table A3.5. W e note that within each m
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