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 Poverty, Old-Age and Social Pensions in Kenya
reduction com pared to a counter- factual situation when everyone receives exactly the sam e benefit from the service. Suppose that the average or m ean benefit generated from the program is denoted by b . The percentage change in aggregate poverty when the b am ount is given to everyone...
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reduction com pared to a counter- factual situation when everyone receives exactly the sam e benefit from the service. Suppose that the average or m ean benefit generated from the program is denoted by b . The percentage change in aggregate poverty when the b am ount is given to everyone is given by � ∂ ∂ = z dxxf x Pbd 0 )( θθ θ W e define the pro-poor policy index as the ratio of actual proportional poverty reduction from the program to the proportional poverty reduction that would have been
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=10
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=10
8 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 24 elderly, estim ates are developed for the cost and projected results for several possible designs of such a system in term s of the size of the benefits provided and the eligibility for participation. These include varying the benefit level from between 20 and 50% of per capita G D P, lim iting benefit eligibility to age 55 or 60, and different approaches to targeting benefits in the lowest incom e groups in <span class="highlight">com</span> parison to universal age related
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=11
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=11
Nanak Kakwani, H yun H . Son and Richard H inz 9 The food poverty lines were estim ated as follows: - Rural areas in 1994 – KShs 703 per adult per m onth - Urban areas in 1994 - KShs 875 per adult per m onth - Rural areas in 1997 – KShs 927 per adult per m onth - Urban areas in 1997 – KShs 1,254 per adult per m onth In addition, adjustm ents need to be m ade to account for the basic non-food requirem ents of the population. The non-food <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent in Kenya is calculated using the non-food
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=24
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=24
private dispensaries. For those under 60, the m ost frequent action when sick is also to visit a pharm acy (74 percent), followed by consulting a dispensary (12.4 percent). Attending a health centre or hospital is m ore <span class="highlight">com</span> m on for the non-elderly group <span class="highlight">com</span> pared to the elderly one. The 1994 W M S show s that nationally, 10.16 percent of the elderly over 60 w ho are sick do not receive treatment. The corresponding figure increased to 19.10 percent in 1997. For the w hole population, the figures for not
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=39
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=39
reduction <span class="highlight">com</span> pared to a counter- factual situation when everyone receives exactly the sam e benefit from the service. Suppose that the average or m ean benefit generated from the program is denoted by b . The percentage change in aggregate poverty when the b am ount is given to everyone is given by � ∂ ∂ = z dxxf x Pbd 0 )( θθ θ W e define the pro-poor policy index as the ratio of actual proportional poverty reduction from the program to the proportional poverty reduction that would have been
49
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=49
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper24.pdf#page=49
poverty line has increased at a faster rate than the CPI, poverty estim ates in 1994 and 1997 are not <span class="highlight">com</span> parable.
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