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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: epistemic
and others). The agents neither have to compute knowledge nor can they be held responsible for answering queries based on their knowledge under the implicit understanding of knowledge. Logical omniscience is an epistemological condition for implicit knowledge, but the agent may...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: linear
as a computational model, we can see formulas in a sequent as being “agents” that may act independently or in concert with others in its environment: the action of the agent is determined by reading the introduction rule for it bottom-up. If an asynchronous formula occurs o...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
philosophically important one. Unfortunately, the distinction is often drawn in different and mutually incompatible ways. The agent-relative/agent-neutral distinction has historically been drawn three main ways: the ‘principle-based distinction’, the ‘reason-s...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: automated
efficiency. 2.1 Resolution Of the many calculi used in the implementation of reasoning programs, the ones based on the resolution principle have been the most popular. Resolution is modeled after the chain rule (of which Modus Ponens is a special case) and essen...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: economic analysis of law
whether welfare the rule induces pareto efficiency but whether the parties have acted voluntarily, consented to the rule, or would have (rationally) consented to the rule. Fourth, we might understand the distinction between policy analysis and political economy as a difference in the view of...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: choice, dynamic
can sometimes be misguided—which is why he does not present avoiding regret as an exceptionless imperative—there are not, for Bratman, any special considerations that would make regret misguided if one gave into temptation in cases like the case of the self-torturer or the retirem...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: evolutionary
cultural evolution, where this refers to changes in beliefs and norms over time. Second, the rationality assumptions underlying evolutionary game theory are, in many cases, more appropriate for the modelling of social systems than those assumptions underlying the traditional theory of...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: logic and
primary literature. For a recent, comprehensive, up-to-date collection of survey papers and original contributions to the field of logic-based AI, with extensive references to the literature, see Minker 2000b. Minker 2000a is a useful introduction to the book and to the field....
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: indexicals
meaning. 3.2 Some Basics of Kaplan's Theory In Kaplan's theory, linguistic expressions have contents in, or with respect to, contexts. Each context has at least an agent, time, location, and possible world associated with it. The content of ‘I’ with respect to a c...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: language of thought hypothesis
later). According to LOTH, when someone believes that P, there is a sense in which the immediate “object” of one's belief can be said to be a complex symbol, a sentence in one's LOT physically realized in the neurophysiology of one's brain, that has both syntactic structur...
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