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 Smithsonian: Time for a Change in Jazz
Learn more about Eddie Jefferson: http://www.ralf.org/~colomon/vocalese/jefferson.html http://www.gallery41.com/JazzArtists/EddieJefferson.htm http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1057/Eddie_Je fferson_sang_early_vocalese Video Resource: Reed Royalty. VHS video, 60 mins. Plea...
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Learn more about Eddie Jefferson: http://www.ralf.org/~colomon/vocalese/jefferson.html http://www.gallery41.com/JazzArtists/EddieJefferson.htm http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1057/Eddie_Je fferson_sang_early_vocalese Video Resource: Reed Royalty. VHS video, 60 mins. Pleasantville, NY: VAI, 1992.
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http://www.smithsonianjazz.org/class/groovintojazz/lessonplans/nows_the_time.pdf#page=4
www.smithsonianjazz.org/class/groovintojazz/lessonplans/nows_the_time.pdf...
Learn more about Eddie Jefferson: http://www.ralf.org/~colomon/vocalese/jefferson.html http://www.gallery41.<span class="highlight">com</span>/JazzArtists/EddieJefferson.htm http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1057/Eddie_Je fferson_sang_early_vocalese Video Resource: Reed Royalty. VHS video, 60 mins. Pleasantville, NY: VAI, 1992.
Assessing the pro-poorness of government fiscal policy in Thailand
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty...
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Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e com ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be com puted given data on incom e com ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e com ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=6
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=6
4 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 15 w hich is the percentage of poor w ho w ill cross the poverty line as a result of 1 percent of grow th in the m ean incom e of the society. Substituting α)(),( z xz xzP −= into (4) gives the elasticity of θα w ith respect to µ as ( ) α αα α α α θ θθα θ µ ∂µ ∂θη −−== −1 (5) for α ≠ 0 , w hich w ill alw ays be negative because θα is a m onotonically decreasing function of α. 2.3 G ROW TH ELASTICITY OF INCOM E <span class="highlight">COM</span> PONENTS The total (or net) incom e
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=7
Hyun H. Son 5 D ifferentiating (1) and using (8) gives the elasticity of θ w ith respect to iµ as ( ) ( ) � == z ii i i dxxfxg x P 0 1 ∂ ∂ θθ µ ∂µ ∂θηθ (9) For the Foster, G reer and Thorbecke (1984) class of poverty m easures, the ith incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent elasticity is derived from (8) as � − � � � � � � − −= z ii dxxfxg z xz z0 1 )()(1 α α α θ αη (10) for α ≠ 0 , w hich can easily be <span class="highlight">com</span> puted given data on incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents and the net incom e x. The m ean incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=8
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=8
increase in iµ redistributes incom e in favor of the rich or the poor individuals. In this case, w e m ust <span class="highlight">com</span> pute the redistribution effect of an incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponent on poverty. This is accom plished by decom posing the poverty elasticity iθη into tw o <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents: � � � � � � � � −+= θθθθ ηµ µηη µ µη iiii (12) The first term on the right-hand side is the incom e effect, and the second term is the redistribution effect. It is the redistribution effect that tells us w hether an increase in
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=9
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=9
Hyun H. Son 7 To derive the elasticity, let us w rite the dem and equations of k <span class="highlight">com</span> m odities as q = q (x, p) w here p and q are the k × 1 vectors of prices and quantities of k <span class="highlight">com</span> m odities, and x is the disposable incom e. It is reasonable to assum e that all individuals face the sam e price vector, w hich m eans that the prices are fixed across individuals. Thus, w e w rite the dem and equation as q = q(x), w hich are the quantities consum ed by an individual w ith disposable incom e x.1 U
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=10
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=10
8 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 15 w here µ is the m ean incom e of the disposable incom e and p qi i is the m ean expenditure of the ith <span class="highlight">com</span> m odity. The first term in (17) is the incom e effect of the price increase, w hich is alw ays positive because θη , given in (4), is negative. The second term is the redistribution or inequality effect of price change. It is the redistribution effect that tells us w hether an increase in price pi hurts the poor proportionally m ore than
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=13
Hyun H. Son 11 4 D ATA ANALYSIS 4.1 D ATA SOURCE The data source <span class="highlight">com</span> es from the Socio-Econom ic Surveys (SES) conducted in 1998. The SES data are unit record household surveys conducted every tw o years by the National Statistics Office in Thailand. The survey is nationw ide and covers all private, non-institutional households residing perm anently in m unicipal, sanitary districts, and villages. How ever, it excludes part of the population living in transient hotels or room ing houses
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=14
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=14
12 International Poverty Centre W orking Paper nº 15 4.2 ANALYSIS OF EM PIRICAL RESULTS Table 3 presents the values of poverty elasticity and the pro-poor index for different incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents. Public policies can be assessed for different m easures of poverty. The head-count ratio is a crude m easure of poverty because it <span class="highlight">com</span> pletely ignores the gap in incom es from the poverty line and the distribution of incom e am ong the poor. The severity of the poverty index has all the desirable
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=15
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=15
Hyun H. Son 13 FIG U RE 1 Pro-Poor index for incom e <span class="highlight">com</span> ponents, poverty gap ratio 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Wa ge & sa lar y En tre pre ne ur ial inc om e Fa rm inc om e Re nt fro m bo ar de rs La nd re nt fro m far m ing Ot her re nt fro m no n- far m ing Int er es t & div ide nd s Re m itta nc es Pe ns ion s & an nu itie s Te rm ina l p ay & ot her s Fo od as pa rt o f p ay Re nt re ce ive d a s p ay Ot her go od s a s p ay Ho m e pro
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=23
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper15.pdf#page=23
NOTES 1. Note that w riting the dem and equations in the form q=q(x) does not im ply that all ow n-price and cross-price elasticities of dem and are zero. It only im plies that prices do not vary across individuals. 2. CV= [e(u,p*)-e(u,p)] is the <span class="highlight">com</span> pensation variation, the <span class="highlight">com</span> pensation that should be given to an individual to m aintain his or her utility level the sam e as before the price change. 3. The poverty threshold is set using the calorie requirem ents of individuals that differ by age
The Fiscal Implications of Scaling up ODA to Deal with the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
International Poverty Centre 33 available evidence dem onstrates that the response in the m edium term can be very elastic. In addition, aid can and should be directed at raising productive capacity and im proving accountability. The donor com m unity is culpable in this area. Overly tig...
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International Poverty Centre 33 available evidence dem onstrates that the response in the m edium term can be very elastic. In addition, aid can and should be directed at raising productive capacity and im proving accountability. The donor com m unity is culpable in this area. Overly tight and inappropriate conditionalities, adm inistrative com plexity, and lack of donor co-operation and co-ordination seriously im pede the ability of recipient countries to m ake effective use of aid inflow s. In
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=3
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=3
aid <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents and disbursem ents, w ith prom ises of further large increases in the near future. This aid is urgently required to address the em erging hum anitarian crisis and im plies im m ediate, large-scale increases in public expenditure. The central question that this paper exam ines is w hether such increases can effectively address the epidem ic w ithout inducing m acroeconom ic disturbances, especially for those countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, w here there is already high
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=9
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=9
is needed for sub-Saharan Africa (U N AID S, 2006, p. 229). D espite the rapid rise in <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents and disbursem ents in recent years, these funding requirem ents are still considerably larger than the present level of <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents, estim ated to be U S$8.9 billion in 2006 and U S$ 10 billion in 2007 (U N AID S, 2006, p. 224). H ow ever, Lew is (2005, Figure 2, p.7)) provides evidence of recent, sharp increases in <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents and disbursem ents to sub-Saharan African countries w ith the highest
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=22
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=22
evidence provided by Bulíř and H am m an (2006) is that predictability, in term s of the relationship betw een <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents and disbursem ent, has also deteriorated in the recent past. They report that “during 2000-03 average <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents grew by about 4 percent, relative to 1995-98, w hile average disbursem ents fell by som e 5 percent during the sam e period” (Bulíř and H am ann, 2006, p.16). In addition, the predictability of aid appears to be w orse for the low -incom e countries, w ith countries
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=27
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=27
designed policies m ay trigger an inflationary spiral. In particular, if the aid is spent but the m onetary authorities fail to absorb the aid then there is clearly an injection of excess dem and into the system and, depending on the pre-existing balance of aggregate dem and and supply, a danger of inflation. A variation on this occurs w hen the fiscal deficit rises m ore than the absorption in term s of the rise in net im ports (see IM F, 2005a for exam ples of this policy <span class="highlight">com</span> bination in sub-Saharan
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=30
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=30
28 Conference Paper the case of South Africa, it is estim ated that disbursem ents from bilateral donors m ay be below 50 per cent of <span class="highlight">com</span> m itm ents (N dlovu, 2005, quoted in U N AID S, 2006). In these circum stances, it is extrem ely difficult for the Finance M inistry and the H ealth M inistry to plan scaled up responses to H IV/AID S. As noted by Lew is (2005b) scaling up to deal w ith H IV/AID S w ill require large-scale additional hiring, w ith little ability thereafter to dow nsize should
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http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=35
www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCConferencePaper3.pdf#page=35
International Poverty Centre 33 available evidence dem onstrates that the response in the m edium term can be very elastic. In addition, aid can and should be directed at raising productive capacity and im proving accountability. The donor <span class="highlight">com</span> m unity is culpable in this area. Overly tight and inappropriate conditionalities, adm inistrative <span class="highlight">com</span> plexity, and lack of donor co-operation and co-ordination seriously im pede the ability of recipient countries to m ake effective use of aid inflow s. In
Meet Bangladesh - Flora and Fauna
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Meet Bangladesh - Land and Climate
bdcom-online.com: The Leading Bd Com Online Site on the Net bdcom-online.com has been connecting our visitors with providers of Build A Web Site, Cheap Web Design, Create Web Sites and many other related services for nearly 10 years. Join thousands of satisfied visitors who found Ecommerce...
Cities of the Ancient Maya: Mayan Archeology
isourcecom.com: The Leading Icsource Com Site on the Net isourcecom.com has been connecting our visitors with providers of Adventure Travel, Africa Travel, Air Travel and many other related services for nearly 10 years. Join thousands of satisfied visitors who found Asia Travel, Business Tr...
Narrative Writing: Strong From the Start
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Narrative Writing: Elements and Structure of Narrative Writing
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Narrative Writing: Sweat the Details
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Narrative Writing: Choose the Right Story Structure
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