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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: self-knowledge
perfect reliability: the subject believes that she is in mental state m when and only when she is, in fact, in m. By contrast, the highest degree of epistemic security on the internalist model is certainty. Certainty may be absolute (C.I. Lewis 1946) or relative (Chisholm 1977). (See e...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: quantum computing
Open access to the SEP is made possible by a world-wide funding initiative. Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Author & Citation Info | Friends PDF Preview | InPho Search | PhilPapers Bibliography Quantum Computing First published Sun Dec 3, 2006; substantive revision Thu...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: models in science
of things that is habitually referred to as ‘models’, in particular in economics, is equations (which are then also termed ‘mathematical models’). The Black-Scholes model of the stock market or the Mundell-Fleming model of an open economy ar...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: and language
language to deal with other problems they face. Philosophy of law shares a tension that affects philosophy of mind and metaphysics, and perhaps all the central areas of philosophy: it is often unclear which problems are problems of language, and which are no...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: scientific explanation
described below. Many philosophers think of concepts like “explanation”, “law”, “cause”, and “support for counterfactuals” as part of an interrelated family or circle of concepts that are “modal” in character . For fami...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: economic analysis of law
behavior and a doctrinal interpretation that the prevailing legal rule is identified by its efficiency. The literature, however, has offered scant explanation or justification for the underlying theoretical claim that efficiency identifies the content of these legal norms. On what theory ...
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